{"id":89159,"date":"2022-02-24T08:43:10","date_gmt":"2022-02-24T07:43:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/?p=89159"},"modified":"2022-02-24T08:43:10","modified_gmt":"2022-02-24T07:43:10","slug":"co-je-bmi-jak-se-pocita-a-co-znamena-pro-vase-zdravi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/co-je-bmi-jak-se-pocita-a-co-znamena-pro-vase-zdravi\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je BMI, jak se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 a co znamen\u00e1 pro va\u0161e zdrav\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pokud si po\u0159\u00edd\u00edte chytrou v\u00e1hu, pak jednou z hodnot, kterou v\u00e1m bude zobrazovat s n\u00ed spojen\u00e1 aplikace v telefonu, je <b>index t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti<\/b> &#8211; anglicky body mass index, obvykle ozna\u010dovan\u00fd zkratkou <b>BMI<\/b>. Tento \u00fadaj zobrazuj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 fitness aplikace, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed informace o va\u0161\u00ed hmotnosti a v\u00fd\u0161ce. Jak se BMI po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 a co jeho hodnota vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o va\u0161em zdrav\u00ed? Na to odpov\u00edme v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n<p>Index t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti si m\u016f\u017eete spo\u010d\u00edtat sami &#8211; nen\u00ed to nic slo\u017eit\u00e9ho, ostatn\u011b uvid\u00edte n\u00ed\u017ee, a\u017e si rozebereme vzore\u010dek. V na\u0161ich e-shopech m\u016f\u017eete po\u0159\u00eddit chytr\u00e9 v\u00e1hy <a href=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/xiaomi-mi-smart-scale-2_z569\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xiaomi Mi Smart Scale 2<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/xiaomi-mi-body-composition-scale-2_z1662\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xiaomi Mi Body Composition Scale 2<\/a>, kter\u00e9 ho <b>vypo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed automaticky p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed<\/b>. V aplikaci pro mobiln\u00ed telefony pak m\u016f\u017eete sledovat v\u00fdvoj t\u00e9to hodnoty v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<h2>Co je BMI?<\/h2>\n<p>Hodnota <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Index_t%C4%9Blesn%C3%A9_hmotnosti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indexu t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti<\/a> <b>vych\u00e1z\u00ed z hmotnosti (v\u00e1hy) a v\u00fd\u0161ky \u010dlov\u011bka<\/b>. Je definov\u00e1na jako pod\u00edl t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti a \u010dtverce t\u011blesn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed fakt, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad stokilov\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk s v\u00fd\u0161kou 200 centimetr\u016f bude \u201em\u00e9n\u011b ob\u00e9zn\u00ed\u201c ne\u017e stejn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 osoba s v\u00fd\u0161kou 160 centimetr\u016f.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_89160\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89160\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Co-je-BMI.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-89160\" src=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Co-je-BMI-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Co je BMI?\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Co-je-BMI-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Co-je-BMI-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Co-je-BMI-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Co-je-BMI-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Co-je-BMI-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Co-je-BMI-50x33.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89160\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Co je BMI?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b hodnoty indexu t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti lze \u010dlov\u011bka za\u0159adit do \u010dty\u0159 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch kategori\u00ed, odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00edch jeho stav: <b>podv\u00e1ha<\/b> (BMI pod 18,5), <b>norm\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1ha<\/b> (18,5 a\u017e 24,9), <b>nadv\u00e1ha<\/b> (25 a\u017e 29,9) a <b>obezita<\/b> (30 a v\u00edce).<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se BMI pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k p\u0159edpov\u011bdi zdravotn\u00edho stavu jednotlivce, <b>m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e1 omezen\u00ed<\/b>, kv\u016fli nim\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt m\u00e9n\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 ne\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed alternativy. Plat\u00ed to zejm\u00e9na pro osoby s abdomin\u00e1ln\u00ed obezitou (s ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm tuku ve viscer\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti), mal\u00fdm vzr\u016fstem nebo neobvykle vysokou svalovou hmotou.<\/p>\n<h2>Ok\u00e9nko do historie<\/h2>\n<p>Z\u00e1klady BMI vymyslel belgick\u00fd astronom, matematik, statistik a sociolog Adolphe Quetelet mezi lety 1830 a 1850, kdy\u017e rozv\u00edjel obor, kter\u00fd naz\u00fdval \u201esoci\u00e1ln\u00ed fyzika\u201c. Modern\u00ed term\u00edn \u201eindex t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti\u201c, ud\u00e1van\u00fd jako pom\u011br t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti a \u010dtverce v\u00fd\u0161ky \u010dlov\u011bka, byl poprv\u00e9 pou\u017eit ve \u010dl\u00e1nku Ancela Keyse publikovan\u00e9ho <b>v \u010dervenci 1972<\/b> v \u010dasopise Journal of Chronic Diseases.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku Keys ozna\u010dil BMI, jako \u201epokud ne zcela vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed, tak alespo\u0148 stejn\u011b dobr\u00e9 jako jak\u00fdkoli jin\u00fd index relativn\u00ed hmotnosti coby ukazatel relativn\u00ed obezity\u201c. Z\u00e1jem o ukazatel, kter\u00fd m\u011b\u0159\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00fd tuk, p\u0159i\u0161el s pozorovan\u00fdm n\u00e1r\u016fstem obezity v prosperuj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch spole\u010dnostech.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_89161\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89161\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Zaklady-BMI-vymyslel-belgicky-astronom-matematik-statistik-a-sociolog-Adolphe-Quetelet.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-89161\" src=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Zaklady-BMI-vymyslel-belgicky-astronom-matematik-statistik-a-sociolog-Adolphe-Quetelet-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Z\u00e1klady BMI vymyslel belgick\u00fd astronom, matematik, statistik a sociolog Adolphe Quetelet\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Zaklady-BMI-vymyslel-belgicky-astronom-matematik-statistik-a-sociolog-Adolphe-Quetelet-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Zaklady-BMI-vymyslel-belgicky-astronom-matematik-statistik-a-sociolog-Adolphe-Quetelet-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Zaklady-BMI-vymyslel-belgicky-astronom-matematik-statistik-a-sociolog-Adolphe-Quetelet-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Zaklady-BMI-vymyslel-belgicky-astronom-matematik-statistik-a-sociolog-Adolphe-Quetelet-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Zaklady-BMI-vymyslel-belgicky-astronom-matematik-statistik-a-sociolog-Adolphe-Quetelet-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Zaklady-BMI-vymyslel-belgicky-astronom-matematik-statistik-a-sociolog-Adolphe-Quetelet-50x33.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89161\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Z\u00e1klady BMI vymyslel belgick\u00fd astronom, matematik, statistik a sociolog Adolphe Quetelet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Keys v\u00fdslovn\u011b posoudil BMI jako <b>vhodn\u00fd pro popula\u010dn\u00ed studie a nevhodn\u00fd pro individu\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed<\/b>. P\u0159esto se d\u00edky sv\u00e9 jednoduchosti za\u010dalo hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat pro p\u0159edb\u011b\u017enou diagnostiku. V praxi v\u0161ak mohou b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed ukazatele &#8211; nap\u0159\u00edklad obvod pasu.<\/p>\n<p>Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b se d\u00e1 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee hodnota BMI poskytuje <b>z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informaci o m\u00ed\u0159e tlou\u0161\u0165ky nebo \u0161t\u00edhlosti \u010dlov\u011bka<\/b>. Nen\u00ed v\u0161ak jednozna\u010dn\u00fdm ukazatelem &#8211; nap\u0159\u00edklad sportovci s vysok\u00fdm pom\u011brem sval\u016f mohou vykazovat vysok\u00e9 hodnoty indexu t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti, a\u010dkoli je ani zdaleka nem\u016f\u017eeme ozna\u010dit jako ob\u00e9zn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Kategorie BMI<\/h2>\n<p>V prvn\u00ed kapitole jsme v\u00e1m p\u0159edstavili rozd\u011blen\u00ed do \u010dty\u0159 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch kategori\u00ed. Ty se v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1le d\u011bl\u00ed. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (WHO) pova\u017euje BMI dosp\u011bl\u00fdch <b>ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 18,5 za podv\u00e1hu<\/b>, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee znamenat podv\u00fd\u017eivu, poruchu p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy nebo jin\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, zat\u00edmco <b>hodnota vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 25 je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nadv\u00e1hu a 30 a v\u00edce za obezitu<\/b>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 16,0 &#8211; podv\u00e1ha (t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 hubenost)<\/li>\n<li>16,0 a\u017e 16,9 &#8211; podv\u00e1ha (st\u0159edn\u00ed hubenost)<\/li>\n<li>17,0 a\u017e 18,4 &#8211; podv\u00e1ha (m\u00edrn\u00e1 hubenost)<\/li>\n<li>18,5 a\u017e 24,9 &#8211; norm\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1ha<\/li>\n<li>25,0 a\u017e 29,9 &#8211; nadv\u00e1ha<\/li>\n<li>30,0 a\u017e 34,9 &#8211; obezita 1. stupn\u011b<\/li>\n<li>35,0 a\u017e 39,9 &#8211; obezita 2. stupn\u011b<\/li>\n<li>v\u00edce ne\u017e 40,0 &#8211; obezita 3. stupn\u011b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Na tomto m\u00edst\u011b je vhodn\u00e9 podotknout, \u017ee u d\u011bt\u00ed se index t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 odli\u0161n\u011b. Vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 se stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, ale pak se <b>porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 s typick\u00fdmi hodnotami pro ostatn\u00ed d\u011bti stejn\u00e9ho v\u011bku<\/b>. Nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se tedy pevn\u011b dan\u00e9 hranice, uveden\u00e9 v seznamu v\u00fd\u0161e.<\/p>\n<h2>Jak se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 index t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti?<\/h2>\n<p>Vzore\u010dek pro v\u00fdpo\u010det indexu je velmi jednoduch\u00fd: <b>hmotnost v kilogramech se vyd\u011bl\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kou v metrech umocn\u011bnou na druhou<\/b> (hmotnost\/v\u00fd\u0161ka<sup>2<\/sup>). Uka\u017eme si to na p\u0159\u00edkladu 187 cm vysok\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00edho 100 kilogram\u016f. Kdy\u017e dosad\u00edme tyto hodnoty do vzorce, dostaneme 100\/1,87<sup>2<\/sup>=100\/3,4969=28,6.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_89162\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89162\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Jak-se-pocita-index-telesne-hmotnosti.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-89162\" src=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Jak-se-pocita-index-telesne-hmotnosti-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Jak se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 index t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti?\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Jak-se-pocita-index-telesne-hmotnosti-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Jak-se-pocita-index-telesne-hmotnosti-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Jak-se-pocita-index-telesne-hmotnosti-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Jak-se-pocita-index-telesne-hmotnosti-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Jak-se-pocita-index-telesne-hmotnosti-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Jak-se-pocita-index-telesne-hmotnosti-50x33.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89162\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jak se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 index t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Pro zaj\u00edmavost: profesor numerick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy na Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b Nick Trefethen navrhl nov\u00fd vzorec pro v\u00fdpo\u010det indexu t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti, kter\u00fd <b>zohled\u0148uje zkreslen\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edho vzorce pro ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed jedince<\/b>. Jeho vzore\u010dek vypad\u00e1 takto: 1,3\u00d7(hmotnost\/v\u00fd\u0161ka<sup>2,5<\/sup>). V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by stokilov\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk s v\u00fd\u0161kou 1,87 metr\u016f m\u011bl BMI 27,2.<\/p>\n<h2>Vypov\u00edd\u00e1 BMI n\u011bco o va\u0161em zdrav\u00ed?<\/h2>\n<p>Studie publikovan\u00e1 v roce 2005 v \u010dasopise Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee lid\u00e9 s nadv\u00e1hou maj\u00ed podobnou \u00famrtnost jako lid\u00e9 s norm\u00e1ln\u00ed hmotnost\u00ed, zat\u00edmco <b>lid\u00e9 s podv\u00e1hou a obezitou vykazuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00famrtnost<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Studie publikovan\u00e1 \u010dasopisem The Lancet v roce 2009, kter\u00e9 se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo 900 000 dosp\u011bl\u00fdch osob, uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee <b>lid\u00e9 s nadv\u00e1hou i podv\u00e1hou m\u011bli vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00famrtnost<\/b> ne\u017e lid\u00e9 s norm\u00e1ln\u00ed hmotnost\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky odhalily, \u017ee <b>optim\u00e1ln\u00ed BMI se pohybuje v rozmez\u00ed 22,5-25,0<\/b>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_89163\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89163\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lide-s-nadvahou-i-podvahou-meli-vyssi-umrtnost.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-89163\" src=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lide-s-nadvahou-i-podvahou-meli-vyssi-umrtnost-1024x649.jpg\" alt=\"Lid\u00e9 s nadv\u00e1hou i podv\u00e1hou m\u011bli vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00famrtnost\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lide-s-nadvahou-i-podvahou-meli-vyssi-umrtnost-1024x649.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lide-s-nadvahou-i-podvahou-meli-vyssi-umrtnost-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lide-s-nadvahou-i-podvahou-meli-vyssi-umrtnost-768x487.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lide-s-nadvahou-i-podvahou-meli-vyssi-umrtnost-1536x973.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lide-s-nadvahou-i-podvahou-meli-vyssi-umrtnost-2048x1298.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Lide-s-nadvahou-i-podvahou-meli-vyssi-umrtnost-50x32.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89163\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lid\u00e9 s nadv\u00e1hou i podv\u00e1hou m\u011bli vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00famrtnost<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed studie uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee <b>BMI koreluje s procentem t\u011blesn\u00e9ho tuku<\/b>. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak uvedla, \u017ee dle definice obezity podle t\u011blesn\u00e9ho tuku bylo ob\u00e9zn\u00edch 50 % mu\u017e\u016f a 62 % \u017een, zat\u00edmco podle indexu t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti bylo ob\u00e9zn\u00edch pouze 21 % mu\u017e\u016f a 31 % \u017een. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee BMI podhodnocuje po\u010det ob\u00e9zn\u00edch osob.<\/p>\n<p>Studie z roku 2010, kter\u00e1 sledovala 11 000 osob po dobu a\u017e osmi let, do\u0161la k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee <b>BMI nen\u00ed dobr\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem rizika srde\u010dn\u00edho infarktu, mrtvice nebo \u00famrt\u00ed<\/b>. Jako lep\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko byl shled\u00e1n pom\u011br obvodu pasu k v\u00fd\u0161ce. Dal\u0161\u00ed studie z roku 2011, kter\u00e1 sledovala 60 000 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f po dobu a\u017e 13 let, zjistila, \u017ee pom\u011br obvodu pasu k v\u00fd\u0161ce bok\u016f je lep\u0161\u00edm prediktorem \u00famrtnosti na ischemickou chorobu srde\u010dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Index t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti nen\u00ed v\u017edy nejlep\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem<\/h2>\n<p>Na \u00farovni populace se BMI pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k ur\u010den\u00ed m\u00edry rizika nemocnosti (rizika onemocn\u011bn\u00ed) a \u00famrtnosti (m\u00edry \u00famrtnosti). Rozd\u00edly v BMI mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi osobami stejn\u00e9ho v\u011bku a pohlav\u00ed jsou obvykle zp\u016fsobeny t\u011blesn\u00fdm tukem, nicm\u00e9n\u011b <b>z tohoto pravidla existuje mnoho v\u00fdjimek<\/b>, a proto \u00fadaj o BMI nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy p\u0159esn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdpo\u010dty nadhodnocuj\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9ho tuku pro kulturisty, u n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch sportovc\u016f a t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een. Naopak podhodnocuj\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9ho tuku u star\u0161\u00ed osoby a lidi s t\u011blesn\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm, kte\u0159\u00ed nemohou chodit a mohou vykazovat \u00fabytek svalov\u00e9 hmoty.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_89164\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-89164\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Vypocty-nadhodnocuji-mnozstvi-telesneho-tuku-u-tehotnych-zen.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-89164\" src=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Vypocty-nadhodnocuji-mnozstvi-telesneho-tuku-u-tehotnych-zen-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"V\u00fdpo\u010dty nadhodnocuj\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9ho tuku u t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Vypocty-nadhodnocuji-mnozstvi-telesneho-tuku-u-tehotnych-zen-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Vypocty-nadhodnocuji-mnozstvi-telesneho-tuku-u-tehotnych-zen-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Vypocty-nadhodnocuji-mnozstvi-telesneho-tuku-u-tehotnych-zen-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Vypocty-nadhodnocuji-mnozstvi-telesneho-tuku-u-tehotnych-zen-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Vypocty-nadhodnocuji-mnozstvi-telesneho-tuku-u-tehotnych-zen-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/xm.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Vypocty-nadhodnocuji-mnozstvi-telesneho-tuku-u-tehotnych-zen-50x33.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-89164\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">V\u00fdpo\u010dty nadhodnocuj\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9ho tuku u t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee <b>\u010d\u00edm v\u00edce tuku v t\u011ble m\u00e1te, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zdravotn\u00edm rizik\u016fm \u010del\u00edte<\/b>. Hodnota BMI v\u0161ak nedok\u00e1\u017ee rozli\u0161it mezi t\u011blesn\u00fdm tukem a svalovou hmotou. Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 tendenci nadhodnocovat obezitu u ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch osob a podhodnocovat ji u osob vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch. Proto by se tato metoda nem\u011bla pou\u017e\u00edvat jako vod\u00edtko u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou velmi n\u00edzc\u00ed (m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 150 cm) nebo velmi vysoc\u00ed (v\u00edce ne\u017e 190 cm).<\/p>\n<p>Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 definice nadv\u00e1hy nebo obezity vych\u00e1zely p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z b\u011blo\u0161sk\u00e9 populace. Slo\u017een\u00ed t\u011bla, v\u010detn\u011b procenta t\u011blesn\u00e9ho tuku nebo mno\u017estv\u00ed svalov\u00e9 hmoty, se v\u0161ak <b>m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it podle rasy a etnick\u00e9 skupiny<\/b>. BMI tak m\u016f\u017ee pomoci p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt zdravotn\u00ed stav u b\u011bloch\u016f, ale u lid\u00ed z jin\u00fdch rasov\u00fdch a etnick\u00fdch skupin m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>Zdravotn\u00ed rizika p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fdch\/n\u00edzk\u00fdch hodnot<\/h2>\n<p><b>Pokud m\u00e1te nadv\u00e1hu<\/b> (BMI vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 25 kg\/m<sup>2<\/sup>) a jste fyzicky neaktivn\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee se u v\u00e1s vyvinout:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku<\/li>\n<li>vysok\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak (hypertenze)<\/li>\n<li>cukrovku 2. typu<\/li>\n<li>osteoartr\u00f3za<\/li>\n<li>n\u011bkter\u00e9 typy rakoviny, jako je rakovina tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a prsu<\/li>\n<li>deprese a dal\u0161\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00ed poruchy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Pokud trp\u00edte podv\u00e1hou<\/b> (BMI ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 18,5 kg\/m<sup>2<\/sup>), m\u016f\u017eete trp\u011bt podv\u00fd\u017eivou a ohro\u017euje v\u00e1s:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>zhor\u0161en\u00e1 funkce imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n<li>onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest<\/li>\n<li>onemocn\u011bn\u00ed tr\u00e1vic\u00edho \u00fastroj\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>rakovina<\/li>\n<li>osteopor\u00f3za.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Jak tedy vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch informac\u00ed: BMI nen\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u00fdm ukazatelem. D\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnota je sledov\u00e1n\u00ed trendu, tedy zda \u010d\u00edslo roste, nebo kles\u00e1. Z toho pak lze usuzovat, zda se v\u00e1\u0161 stav v tomto sm\u011bru zlep\u0161uje, nebo zhor\u0161uje.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Sledujete sv\u016fj index t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti?<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pokud si po\u0159\u00edd\u00edte chytrou v\u00e1hu, pak jednou z hodnot, kterou v\u00e1m bude zobrazovat s n\u00ed spojen\u00e1 aplikace v telefonu, je<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":89166,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[5405,163,3343,5406,5407,162],"class_list":["post-89159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","tag-bmi","tag-chytra-vaha","tag-co-je","tag-hmotnost","tag-index-telesne-hmotnosti","tag-vaha"],"wppr_data":{"cwp_meta_box_check":"No"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Co je BMI, jak se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 a co znamen\u00e1 pro va\u0161e zdrav\u00ed?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jak se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 index t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmostnosti, ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako BMI, a co jeho hodnota vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o va\u0161em zdrav\u00ed? 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